Outlook for Indian Stocks in 2014-VRK100-31Dec2013

Follow @vrk100

During the calendar year 2013, the S&P BSE Sensex 30 index clocked a return of 9 percent, while the NSE’s Nifty 50 index rose by 6.8 percent. But the BSE Dollex 30 index recorded a negative return of 3.5 percent due to steep depreciation, around 12 percent, of Indian rupee against the US dollar. Dollex 30 is dollar-linked version of Sensex. Let us see which sectors have come out winners and losers and what is in store for Indian stocks in 2014.

Sectoral performance:

Among the sectors that have done well are BSE IT index and Healthcare indices, with a gain of 60 and 23 percent respectively. Significantly, both these sectors have partly benefited from the rupee fall. Other things that benefited these sectors are strong export growth, investors’ bias towards companies with strong balance sheets and better corporate governance, good potential for growth and slight recovery in the US economy. Other sectors that have done well include FMCG and Automotive sectors.

Real estate and public sector companies continue to be among the worst-performing sectors in 2013. The BSE Realty and PSU indices showed a negative growth of 32 and 19 percent respectively.

Returns and Volatility:

The Sensex return of 9 percent in 2013 does not reflect the volatility of stock markets in 2013. The benchmark index started the year with 19,510 and reached a peak of 20,328 (intra-day) on 17May2013. But due to fears of Fed tapering, steep fall of rupee against dollar, high current account deficit and policy-related paralysis in India; the index fell to an intra-day low of 17,922 on 27Aug2013.

After the US Federal Reserve deferring the proposed tapering, Raghuram Rajan taking over the reins of Reserve Bank of India and return of FII portfolio inflows; the Indian stock markets recovered sharply with the Sensex reaching an intra-day high of 21,484 on 09Dec2013. By the end of December 2013, the index closed at 21,171. Between May and August 2013, the Sensex fell by 12 percent.

But between September and December 2013, the benchmark index rose by 18 percent, giving some cheer to scary and wary investors. During 2013, the FIIs have brought in USD 20 billion to Indian equity markets.

Why the Difference between Sensex and Nifty Returns?

While Sensex recorded a gain of 9 percent, the Nifty rose by 6.8 percent only. The difference is due to the fact that Sensex consists of 30 companies, while the Nifty reflects prices of 50 blue chip companies. Moreover, at the start of 2013, Nifty was concentrated toward banks and financial companies. During July and August 2013, banking sector lost heavily—though banking stocks recovered in the last four months.  For 2013, the BSE Bankex lost 9.4 percent—causing the difference between Sensex and Nifty returns.

BSE Market Capitalization:

Total Market Capitalisation of All BSE companies:
	Rs Crore	USD Billion	USD-INR
Dec.2007	71 69 985	1 818	39.41
Dec.2010	72 96 726	1 616	44.44
Dec.2013	70 44 258	1 125	61.80
Note: Figures are end of the month; USD-INR is US dollar-Indian rupee exchange rate

Some interesting facts come out when you look at the above table. The market cap of all BSE companies at the end of December 2007 was Rs 71.70 lakh crore, converted to USD 1,818 billlion. But the market cap slumped to USD 1,125 billion (a fall of 38 percent) by the end of December 2013, though in rupee terms it fell by only 2 percent.

Two factors contributed to the steep fall in market cap, in dollar terms, of all BSE companies. One is the steep depreciation of rupee against the dollar. Another factor is the fact that broader indices themselves have fallen. For example, BSE 200 index lost 4.7 percent between December 2007 and December 2013.

Performance Chart for 2013:

Indices	31-Dec-13	31-Dec-12	% change
BSE Sensex	21 171	19 427	9.0
BSE DOLLEX 30	2 816	2 917	(3.5)
BSE 200	2 531	2 424	4.4
BSE Mid Cap	6 706	7 113	(5.7)
BSE Small Cap	6 551	7 380	(11.2)
BSE Auto	12 259	11 426	7.3
BSE Bankex	13 002	14 345	(9.4)
BSE Capital Goods	10 264	10 868	(5.6)
BSE Consumer Durables	5 821	7 719	(24.6)
BSE FMCG	6 567	5 916	11.0
BSE Healthcare	9 966	8 132	22.6
BSE IT	9 082	5 684	59.8
BSE Metal	9 964	11 070	(10.0)
BSE Oil & Gas	8 834	8 519	3.7
BSE Power	1 701	1 991	(14.6)
BSE PSU	5 910	7 335	(19.4)
BSE Realty	1 433	2 111	(32.1)
BSE TECK	5 051	3 428	47.4
Nifty 50	6 304	5 905	6.8

As can be seen from the above table, the performance of Sensex, BSE Mid Cap and Small Cap indices differs widely—though select mid cap and small cap companies delivered good to decent returns in the latter half of 2013.

It is interesting to note that mid cap and small cap stocks did better than Sensex in 2012. Investors mood changes—some years they’re optimistic about large caps and in some years they shift their bias towards mid and small cap companies. In general, it’s difficult to predict the mood swings of investors.

What to Expect in 2014?

However, my sense is that small cap and mid cap companies may do well in 2014, subject to the caveat that 2014 general election will throw up a stable government and the Indian economy will fare well next year. Having said that, I would like to add that investors are required to be more diligent as far as small cap and mid cap companies are concerned. They’ve to be very careful about choosing their stock picks. If they’re not experienced, they better consult their financial advisors before investing.

World markets, particularly the US and Japanese, have done extremely well with S&P 500 rising by close to 30 percent and Nikkei 225 by 57 percent in calendar year 2013.

I always maintain that investors have to take care of their asset allocation first. After asset allocation, they’ve to take a portfolio approach towards their equity investments. At this point of time, my thinking goes like this. Suppose you have a stock portfolio with stocks from companies with strong balance sheets, robust cash flows and high perception of corporate governance. Such a portfolio may not outperform benchmark indices if the economy quickly makes a turnaround and interest rates start falling.

This is due to the fact that any sharp turnaround accompanied by falling interest rates will benefit highly-leveraged companies and where investors are highly pessimistic about prospects. (Readers have to take my views with a pinch of salt, because I may change my view quickly depending on market dynamics and outlook on economy).

Let me assume that around 70 percent of your money is currently invested in companies with strong cash flows, decent balance sheets, zero debt and high profit margins.

My feeling is that around 20% to 30% of your money can be allocated to companies with moderate debt (means debt-equity ratio of 0.4 to 0.8), strong corporate governance and managements, reasonable but not very high interest coverage ratios, low operating profit margins and with potential to increase capacity utilization in the next 12 to 18 months. (Many companies are at present struggling with low capacity utilization which negatively impacted their profit margins).

The idea is that if and when the expected turnaround happens, these companies with moderate debt will be highly benefited as compared to companies with strong balance sheets and rich valuations—that have already been discovered by the market. You may have observed this kind of churning actually happening to some extent in the market in the last two/three months—select stocks in auto ancillary, NBFC, capital goods and power equipment sectors have risen sharply.  

It goes without saying that higher risk is usually rewarded with higher returns, provided you do your homework properly—peppered with some luck.

Of course, in the long run (beyond three years), companies with strong balance sheets, robust cash flows, pricing power and competitive advantage will continue to perform well. For a long time, I have preferred companies with strong balance sheets, low debt-equity ratios, strong cash flows and high growth potential.

But now I am thinking that as long as around 70 to 80 percent of your money is invested in companies with strong balance sheets, competitive advantage, pricing power and strong profit margins; you can slightly tilt 20 to 30 percent of your money towards companies with moderate debt, strong managements, low interest coverage ratios and low profit margins. This churning can be done in the next six to nine months in a gradual manner—keeping in mind the changing market dynamics, electoral math and progress of India/world economy.

Select PSU stocks may offer some protection from any downside that is anticipated around the 2014 general elections.

This is not to say that India has no problems. As you are aware, India is currently bedeviled with persistently high inflation and moribund investment cycle—not to mention the high cost of subsidies and government policy/regulatory issues. The RBI has kept its option of raising interest rates open.

Government’s fiscal deficit is a problem as revenue collections have slowed down, while non-plan expenditure (mostly subsidies) shoots up. But unfortunately, plan expenditure is being cut according to several reports.

Global problems may continue to haunt the Indian markets going forward. The government’s divestment effort is making very slow progress.

Finance Minster P.Chidambaram has been trying to limit fiscal deficit to the budgeted 4.8 percent (of GDP), through some creative accounting and cut in plan expenditure. Current account deficit was controlled by imposing severe curbs on gold imports.

It is naïve to expect that government diktats can wean Indians away from the allure of gold. Once the gold import curbs are removed, the gold buying spree will come back with a vengeance. The government seems to have made no serious effort to increase and widen export basket and boost manufacturing sector.

Some headway is being made on the policy front, after years of policy logjam by the central government. Subsidies are cut partially in diesel, LPG and petrol. After a decade, Railway fares too have been increased though marginally. Tesco of the UK has announced FDI in multi-brand retail sector in partnership with the Tatas. Abu Dhabi-based Etihad Airways recently bought a 24 percent-stake in India’s Jet Airways. Air Asia of Malaysia is planning a joint venture with Tatas.

Share repurchases (buybacks) by listed companies are happening. Many foreign promoters—like, Unilever, Vodafone plc and Glaxo Pharma—have been increasing their stake in Indian subsidiaries.  In the last two to three years, foreigners seem to be more optimistic about the prospects of select Indian companies rather than Indian investors, who have been selling heavily. FIIs have pumped in USD 20 billion into Indian equities in 2013.

My sense is that BSE 200 broader index may give 15 to 20 percent return in 2014. My optimism stems from the fact that many Indian companies have been able to weather the storms and will be able to generate decent profits and robust cash flows in future also—despite the uncertainties surrounding the political, fiscal and external fronts.   

Notes:

BSE – Bombay Stock Exchange, FII – Foreign Institutional Investor, NSE – National Stock Exchange and PSU – Public Sector Undertakings.

- - -

Disclaimer: The author is an investment analyst, equity investor and freelance writer. The author has a vested interest in the Indian stock markets. This write-up is for information purposes only and should not be taken as investment advice. Investors are advised to consult their financial advisor before taking any investment decisions. He blogs at:

http://ramakrishnavadlamudi.blogspot.in/

http://www.scribd.com/vrk100

Connect with him on twitter @vrk100

Importance of Term Insurance Plans-VRK100-29Dec2013

Follow @vrk100

Insurance requirements are unique in the sense that a particular policy suitable to one may not be suitable to another person. However, there are some general norms applicable to term insurance policies. These pure term plans provide basic protection and are the cheapest policies. Every earning member of a family needs term insurance to provide financial protection to the dependants. The following are some common rules while opting for term insurance.

Common Rules of Term Insurance:

1. Term insurance plans are the cheapest of all life insurance plans

2. Of all the life insurance plans, they provide highest benefit of life protection

3. They are also known as protection plans or pure insurance plans

4. For these plans, the premium payable is the lowest and sum assured the highest

5. Sum assured is the amount of cover (protection) provided by the life insurance company

6. For pure term plans, sum assured is returned to the legal heirs or nominees in case of death of the insured. If the insured survives till the end of the selected period, no amount is payable by the insurer.

7. You should not see life insurance plan as some sort of investment that gives you return

8. You should never mix insurance and investment. Unfortunately, insurance is often seen as a savings plan by many Indians.

9. If you mix insurance and investment in one product, you will get very low returns

10. With term insurance, you are providing financial protection to your family

11. If you are a salaried person, you are likely to retire by 60. One thumb rule is that you don’t require life insurance protection beyond the age of 60 years.

12. The idea is that once you reach your retirement age, you’ve have accumulated some wealth and taken care of your loved ones. So beyond 60, your family’s dependence on you will be minimal and as such you don’t need any further insurance cover.

13. If you are 30 years old, you can go for a policy with a period of 25 or 30 years

14. If you start buying term insurance at an early age, the premiums are much lower. As you age, the premiums go on increasing at a faster rate.

15. So it’s better to start buying insurance polices at a young age as you start earning your salary or professional income

16. Suppose at age 30, you opted for a Rs 50 lakh term policy (that is, policy with a sum assured or life cover of Rs 50 lakh). After five years, you can consider to take an additional term policy—effectively increasing the original cover of Rs 50 lakh, because your income would have gone up after five years.

17. Whenever you opt for a life insurance policy, better to go for a medical check-up to avoid any complications in future while settling the claim

18. While filling in the policy application, provide all personal details correctly (don’t lie)

19. In the insurance industry, there are several instances of agents selling unsuitable or wrong policies. In general, agents tempt you to take policies that fetch them higher commission. So beware of agents’ marketing tricks and don’t fall prey to their tricks.

20. Always pay your annual/semi-annual premiums in time. Never allow a policy to lapse.

21. Some agents tell you to go for term insurance that offer return of premium. Don’t consider such plans. Because the life insurance company will return only the money paid by you.

22. When it comes to term insurance plans, Life Insurance Corporation of India’s (LIC) policies are the most expensive. Yes, LIC charges the highest premium of all. This is because LIC discourages term insurance policies.

23. LIC’s indicative premiums for term insurance polices are two and a half times costlier than the policies of HDFC Life, ICICI Prudential, or Kotak Life Insurance.

24. So, don’t buy LIC’s term insurance plans

25. Before buying a policy, study all the features of the policy that is suitable to your individual needs

Case for Online Term Insurance Plans:

1. You can buy term insurance plans online by visiting websites of insurance companies

2. The premium payable for online plans is much lower than that of offline plans

3. Offline plans are plans that you buy through a life insurance agent/broker

4. Offline plans are costlier because the life insurance company has to pay hefty commissions to agents or brokers

5. Some online policies come with additional benefits of critical illness and accidental death riders. Of course, you’ve to pay a litter higher premium for these add-on benefits.

6. Now several companies in India offer these online term plans. The prominent ones are HDFC Life Insurance, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance, Kotak Life Insurance and SBI Life Insurance. Please check their websites before buying.

7. These online term policies are no different from the ones you buy through offline, that is, through agents. If you need a total life cover of Rs 50 lakh, you can buy two policies of Rs 25 lakh each from two different companies.  

Illustration:

Let us take an example and compare some online term insurance plans:

                               

Consider a male who is married, non-smoker and healthy. The indicative premiums sourced from respective company websites (on 29Dec2013) are given in the above table.

As indicated above, the premiums range between Rs 6,400 and Rs 8,300 for these four companies. You better check these policies thoroughly for various features and suitability of the product. Other life insurance companies, like Aegon Religare, Aviva, Bharti Axa, PNB Metlife, Reliance Life and Tata AIA also provide online term policies.

Conclusion:

The choice is plenty for online term insurance policies now. As stated earlier, each individual needs are unique depending on their annual income, total wealth, number of dependants, lifecycle stage, marriage status and others. Online policies are equal to offline policies in terms of their features and service.

Online policies are much cheaper as compared to offline policies. For example, the premium for a HDFC’s offline term plan is more than two times that of an online term plan with similar features. So is the case with Bharti Axa term plans.

Ideally, your insurance needs are to be dovetailed into your total financial plan.

Related Articles:

How to Choose Insurance Wisely?

- - -

Disclaimer: The author is an investment analyst, equity investor and freelance writer. This write-up is for information purposes only and should not be taken as investment advice. Investors are advised to consult their financial advisor before taking any investment decisions. He blogs at:

http://ramakrishnavadlamudi.blogspot.in/

http://www.scribd.com/vrk100

Connect with him on twitter @vrk100

India's Q2 GDP Growth at 4.8%-VRK100-29Nov2013

Follow @vrk100

              Note: Base year 2004-05, Real GDP at factor cost at constant prices.

India’s second quarter GDP growth has grown by 4.8 percent as against 5.2 percent in the corresponding quarter of previous year. The second quarter growth during the July-September 2013 period has been led by economic activities, such as ‘finance, insurance, real estate & business services,’ ‘agriculture,’ ‘construction’ and ‘electricity, gas & water supply.’ The second quarter growth indicates a slight pick up in GDP growth rate as compared to 4.4 percent growth rate clocked in the first quarter of the financial year 2013-14.

As the above graph indicates the quarterly growth rates have slumped to less than 5 percent in the last four quarters. Such sub-5 percent growth rates are for the first time in more than a decade. Indian economy experienced very high growth rates of 7-9 percent between 2003-04 and 2010-11. Since the second quarter of 2011-12, the growth rates have been declining at a steady rate, caused by various factors, notably, dogged inflation pushing up interest rates, debacle in manufacturing sector following policy bottlenecks, fall in foreign investment, concerns about fiscal and current account deficits, and bungled investment climate. 

Now let us see what are the main contributors to the slight pick up in the GDP numbers and what the future holds for the Indian economy’s growth prospects.

Main Drivers for the 4.8 percent Growth:

Q2 growth rates (y-o-y) *	Jul-Sep          2012-13	Jul-Sep          2013-14
	% growth ^	% growth ^
A. Services	7.1	5.8
1. Construction	3.1	4.3
2. Trade, hotels, transport & communication	6.8	4.0
3. Finance, insurance, real estate & business services	8.3	10.0
4. Community, social & personal services	8.4	4.2
B. Industry	0.5	1.6
1. Mining & quarrying	1.7	-0.4
2. Manufacturing	0.1	1.0
3. Electricity, gas & water supply	3.2	7.7
C. Agriculture & Allied Activities	1.7	4.6
D.Total GDP (A + B + C)	5.2	4.8

   * Base year 2004-05, ^ Over corresponding quarter of previous year

1. Finance, insurance, real estate & business services: This activity has clocked a growth rate of 10 percent topping the list.

2. Agriculture: Led by robust monsoon this year, agriculture grew by 4.6 percent as against 1.7 percent last year. In this Kharif season, oilseeds grew by 14.9 percent, while coarse cereals and pulses grew by 4.9 and 1.9 percent respectively.

3. Construction: It has grown by 4.3 percent compared to 3.1 percent last year. Cement output registered a growth rate of 5.9 percent, while steel consumption grew by 1.3 percent.

4. Electricity, gas and water supply: Its growth has gone up by 7.7 percent as against 3.2 percent last year.

5. The worst performing contributors are ‘mining & quarrying’ and ‘manufacturing.’

6.  In the Services sectors: In Railways, cargo traffic grew by 3.7 percent, but passenger traffic contracted by 2.5 percent. Sale of commercial vehicles slumped by a massive 22.1 percent, while passengers handled by civil aviation grew by 12.6 percent in the second quarter.

Private and Government Consumption (at market prices):

As indicated by the estimates of expenditures on GDP, private consumption growth during the second quarter is somewhat muted. Private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) rates at constant (2004-05) prices are 59.8 percent in Q2 of 2013-14 as against 61.8 percent in Q2 of 2012-13.

Government consumption growth during the second quarter has declined. Government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) rates at constant (2004-05) prices are 10.3 percent in Q2 of 2013-14 as against 11.0 percent in Q2 of 2012-13.

What does the future hold for Indian Economy?

GDP growth rate in the second quarter at 4.8 percent is a tad better than 4.4 clocked in the first quarter of this financial year, but lower than 5.2 percent achieved in the second quarter of last financial year.  While the government’s estimated figures for the full year are indicating more than 5 percent GDP growth, others indicate sub-5 percent figures for the entire fiscal year 2013-14.

The first half-yearly growth rate is 4.6 percent. To achieve a minimum of 5 percent for the full year, the second-half growth should be at least 5.4 percent.

Half-Yearly GDP Growth Rates %
	First half	Second half
2009-10	7.6	9.5
2010-11	9.1	9.6
2011-12	7.0	5.5
2012-13	5.3	4.7
2013-14	4.6

As the above table shows, in the last two years, the second-half growth rates are much less than the first-half growth rates—these two years have shown declining growth trends for the economy. But in 2009-10 and 2010-11, the second-half rates are much better than first-half figures—interestingly in these two years growth rates have been on the upswing.

While inflation and fiscal deficit have been two big problems for the Indian economy in the past five to six years, current account deficit is somewhat under control due to gold import curbs, RBI’s swap windows, FII inflows and rupee strength in the last two to three months.

Consumer price inflation (CPI) continues to be above 10 percent, while whole-sale price inflation (WPI) is above 7 percent—negatively impacting the poor and the middle class sections of India. The government (s) have done precious little in the last five to six years to ease the supply bottlenecks. The RBI is left to battle the inflation monster on its own without any support on the fiscal side.

But this year, the central government is giving the impression that will stick to its 4.8 percent fiscal deficit target for the current year. Media reports suggest the government is cutting plan expenditure severely this year, due to slowdown in tax collections and sluggish disinvestment receipts. What is alarming though is the fact the government has reached 84 percent of its full year budgeted target of fiscal deficit in the first seven months  (April-October) itself.

This is an election year for the central government. So it remains to be seen how the government will curtail its expenditure, that too, when 84 percent of the budget target is already reached.

The government claims to have cleared projects worth lakhs of crores of rupees.  But investment activity is yet to pick up, with the private sector not showing much enthusiasm for new projects. Investors have to keep their fingers crossed with regard to the prospects of Indian economy until some clarity comes on investment cycle upturn.

Related Articles:

Reasons for the Sharp Slowdown in GDP Growth:

India’s GDP Growth Slows: 10Sep2013

Strengths and Weakness of Indian Economy: 01Sep2013

Data source: Central Statistics Office, Government of India

GDP – Growth Domestic Product or national income, RBI – Reserve Bank of India.

- - -

Disclaimer: The author is an investment analyst, equity investor and freelance writer. This write-up is for information purposes only and should not be taken as investment advice. Investors are advised to consult their financial advisor before taking any investment decisions. He blogs at:

http://ramakrishnavadlamudi.blogspot.in/

http://www.scribd.com/vrk100

Connect with him on twitter @vrk100

IFC's Offshore Bond Program for India Successful-VRK100-21Nov2013

Follow @vrk100

On November 19, 2013, IFC issued the first tranche of USD 160 million or INR 10 billion under its USD 1 billion Global Rupee Bond Program. The issue received very good response from global investors and subscribed two times, the details of which are given in the above template. The investors are from the US, Europe and Asia. They include fund managers, central and private banks. The coupon for the bonds is 7.75 percent, which is 70 basis points or 0.70 percent below the prevailing 3-year Indian government bond yield.

The bond is International Finance Corporation’s first rupee issuance, and the first bond issued under its USD 1 billion offshore rupee bond program. IFC, which focuses exclusively on the private sector, is an arm of the Washington, DC-based World Bank Group. 

The success of this IFC’s offshore rupee bond issue indicates the attractiveness of India for global investors—reflecting investor confidence.

  

What is this Global Rupee Bond Program?

IFC and the Indian government worked closely to bring this offshore bond program. This is the first of its kind Indian rupee-linked offshore bond program initiated by the IFC. This USD 1 billion program was launched by IFC on 9 October 2013. It the largest of its kind in the offshore rupee market—aimed at strengthening India’s capital markets and attracting greater foreign investment. IFC will use the money raised from this rupee-linked bonds to finance private sector investment in the country. It may be noted that the exchange rate risk on the bond is borne by the investor.

This bond program needs to be seen in the context of higher volatility of rupee against the dollar in recent months. The Indian government took this initiative with the IFC, in order to strengthen India’s capital markets and bring back foreign investors.

What is the purpose of this bond program?

IFC will issue bonds whose principal and coupon payments will be linked to the Indian rupee exchange rate. The US dollar proceeds from the bonds will be converted to rupees in the domestic spot exchange market and then lent exclusively to Indian private sector companies. The lending will be done in rupees.

Though the bonds will be denominated in dollars, they will be linked to the dollar-rupee exchange rate.  The bond’s value will move in tandem with rupee bonds, but the settlement will be in dollars for the convenience of global investors.  Once trading starts in these bonds, these bonds would reflect the risk premium attached to India and the rupee’s strengths and weaknesses. 

Benefits of the Bond Program:

1. IFC will use the funds to finance small and medium-size enterprises as well as companies engaged in agriculture and infrastructure development

2. Strengthens India’s capital markets by bringing liquidity, diversity and depth to the offshore rupee market

3. Widens investors’ base and allows foreign investors to invest in rupee bonds

4. May encourage other issuers to offshore markets

5. Provides an alternative funding channel for Indian companies

Is Indian Rupee Going Global?

An important objective of this bond program is not only to bring in dollar inflows but to send a signal to the international markets about India’s economic strengths.  The first tranche was issued for three-year maturity, but in the coming months IFC may issue long term bonds of up to 10 years. It is noteworthy that IFC enjoys AAA rating (the highest) and their bonds carry zero credit risk. Over the years, IFC has issued bonds in 13 local currencies, including the Brazilian real, the Chinese Yuan and the Russian ruble.

China has been making concerted efforts to internationalize its currency Yuan. In the next five to ten years, Yuan may emerge as one of the top traded currencies in the world. India needs to take cues from China in order to take Indian rupee global.

As India is hungry for capital, there is an urgent need to deepen and widen domestic capital markets and bring foreign money to India. The success of the first phase of IFC’s offshore bond program reflects confidence reposed by global investors in India.  On the day he took office, RBI governor Raghuram Rajan said, “As our trade expands, we will push for more settlement in rupees.”

To make internalization of rupee real, India needs to open up its financial markets further and make the country attractive for all kinds of investors internationally.

           

- - -

Notes: USD – US dollar, INR – Indian rupee.

References: www.ifc.org and www.pib.nic.in

Disclaimer: The author is an investment analyst, equity investor and freelance writer. This write-up is for information purposes only and should not be taken as investment advice. Investors are advised to consult their financial advisor before taking any investment decisions. He blogs at:

http://ramakrishnavadlamudi.blogspot.in/

http://www.scribd.com/vrk100

Connect with him on twitter @vrk100